DIY Candy Cane Syrup Is Wonderful in Hot Chocolate or Ice Cream

DIY Candy Cane Syrup Is Wonderful in Hot Chocolate or Ice CreamIf you love the taste of candy canes, take advantage of cheap seasonal candy to make your own candy cane syrup you can use to flavor nearly anything. You'll just need sugar, water, and several candy canes.

Crafting weblog Chica and Jo shares their recipe for candy cane syrup: pour two cups of sugar and one cup of water into a saucepan over medium heat. Stir well and then open six to eight candy canes, break them into two-inch pieces, and add them to the pan. Keep cooking and stirring until the mixture turns to a deep pink color and comes to a boil then let it boil off the water for two or three minutes and remove from heat. Once the syrup has cooled add it to a mason jar or other jar for storage.

If you add it to a decorative jar and add a bit of ribbon and a candy cane it can make a great gift.

Candy Cane Syrup | Chica and Jo

Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/lifehacker/full/~3/5fqaFQPmaGw/diy-candy-cane-syrup-is-wonderful-in-hot-chocolate-or-ice-cream

roseanne barr president green party day 26 new hunger games trailer sasquatch david choe national wear red day

Researchers find evidence for water ice deposits and organic material on Mercury

Friday, November 30, 2012

Planetary scientists have identified water ice and unusually dark deposits within permanently shadowed areas at Mercury's north pole.

Using data collected by NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft, a team from UCLA crafted the first accurate thermal model of the solar system's innermost planet, successfully pinpointing the extremely cold regions where ice has been found on or below the surface.

The researchers say the newly discovered black deposits are a thin crust of residual organic material brought to the planet over the past several million years through impacts by water-rich asteroids and comets.

Understanding how water ice has been preserved on Mercury and where it came from may help scientists determine the conditions necessary for sustaining life on other planets.

This research, one of three MESSENGER papers published online today in the journal Science (and scheduled for upcoming print publication), sheds light on the long-standing issue of ice on Mercury. Several independent lines of evidence now reveal that the sun-scorched planet has extensive water ice deposits at its poles.

In the early 1990s, scientists were surprised to find that areas near Mercury's poles were unusually bright when observed with radar from Earth, a potential indication that ice might be present.

UCLA's David Paige, the lead author of one of the new Science papers and a self-described "professional ice finder," has studied the poles of planetary bodies in the solar system, from Mercury to Pluto.

"Mercury is the innermost planet in the solar system, and, arguably, it's among the least explored," said Paige, a professor of Earth and space sciences. "The surface of Mercury exhibits the most extreme range of temperatures of any body we know of in the solar system."

Within a single polar crater on Mercury, there are spots that reach the oven-like temperature of 500 degrees Fahrenheit within sight of areas cold enough to freeze and preserve water ice for billions of years. These "natural freezers" exist within the shadowed areas of polar-crater rims, which never experience direct sunlight due to the low angle of the sun at such high latitudes, Paige said.

Paige's team was able to use the first detailed topographic map of Mercury's north polar region produced by MESSENGER to generate an accurate thermal model of the pole. Their calculations of the planet's sub-surface temperatures are a near-perfect match to Earth-based radar observations and surface-brightness measurements made by the Mercury Laser Altimeter (MLA) instrument onboard the orbiting spacecraft.

Where their temperature model predicts water ice should be stable on the surface, the MLA nearly always measures unusually bright patches, indicative of surface ice deposits. In places where it is too warm for surface ice but cold enough for ice to exist beneath the surface, the MLA sees unusually dark material.

"This stuff we find covering the ice is darker than the rest of Mercury, which is already a really dark planet. That's amazing," Paige said. "At the very least, it means there is something out of the ordinary going on inside these permanently shadowed areas where the ice has accumulated."

The mysterious dark substance likely arrived on Mercury as part of the comets and asteroids that periodically crash into the planet, bringing water ice and a diverse cocktail of organic material, Paige said. In the searing daytime heat of Mercury, the only place water and organics can survive is within permanently shadowed craters.

But only in the very coldest areas of the permanently shadowed regions can water ice exist on the surface. In the warmer shadowed areas, the top layers of ice begin to evaporate away into space, leaving behind a layer of hardy organic molecules that are stable at higher temperatures and which turn black over time when exposed at the surface. Once the dark layer is thick enough, it protects the ice underneath, allowing a sub-surface ice deposit to survive.

"There are areas on the surface where it is too hot for ice to exist, but radar data from Earth show something bright reflecting from these areas, so we're pretty sure that there's water ice buried underneath," said co-author Matthew Siegler, a researcher at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and a UCLA alumnus. "You need some kind of insulating layer to keep that heat from getting down to the ice."

The presence of bright ice and dark organics on Mercury's surface presents a mystery for MESSENGER researchers. Large comets and asteroids periodically impact Mercury, covering a huge swath of the planet in a layer of dirt and dust and adding further craters to the airless planet's already scarred landscape. For the water ice and black organic layers to remain exposed on Mercury's ancient surface, the deposits must have formed recently in the planet's geological history, or they must be maintained by new water brought to Mercury by smaller, more frequent impacts.

"Billions of years ago, the Earth acquired a layer of water and other volatile material that formed atmospheres, oceans and even the first organic molecules that started life," Paige said. "Understanding the origin of that material is a very important problem and is essential to finding out about the potential habitability of planetary systems around other stars."

Ellen Harju, a graduate student in the UCLA Department of Earth and Space Sciences, is a co-author of the paper.

Paige's study was published alongside two other MESSENGER papers, with colleagues David Lawrence and Greg Neumann as the lead authors. All three research discoveries were showcased today in a press conference on NASA TV.

Launched in 2004, MESSENGER became the first spacecraft to orbit Mercury in March of 2011. Previously, the closest glimpse of the planet was provided by three fly-bys by the Mariner 10 spacecraft in 1974-75. The name MESSENGER, short for MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry and Ranging, was chosen to evoke the Greco-Roman messenger deity Mercury, a god of trade, merchants and travel.

###

University of California - Los Angeles: http://www.newsroom.ucla.edu

Thanks to University of California - Los Angeles for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

This press release has been viewed 72 time(s).

Source: http://www.labspaces.net/125617/Researchers_find_evidence_for_water_ice_deposits_and_organic_material_on_Mercury

one direction tulsa news scalloped potatoes the ten commandments charlton heston

Pressure mounting on Obama over pipeline decision

WASHINGTON (AP) ? President Barack Obama faces mounting pressure to decide whether to approve Keystone XL, a $7 billion proposed oil pipeline between the U.S. and Canada.

Environmental activists and oil producers have fought for years over the potential environmental impact in states the pipeline will cross. But it's really a proxy battle over broader issues, like climate change and energy consumption.

Both sides consider Obama's decision a sign of what approach he'll take to energy and the environment in his second term.

Opponents have been protesting in Washington and Texas. On Capitol Hill, support appears to be building. A bipartisan group of senators is urging Obama to approve the pipeline quickly.

After Obama rejected the initial proposal in January, the pipeline's route was adjusted to satisfy some environmental concerns.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/pressure-mounting-obama-over-pipeline-decision-085407641--finance.html

how to make moonshine joel osteen emmy rossum jay z and beyonce the big chill tony blankley charles barkley

Rachid Sefrioui on Venture Capital: Here's how to build a red hot ...

Things have become a lot more interesting now for B2B entrepreneurs. With the consumerization trend gaining speed, SaaS and cloud B2B companies look more like consumer startups: They?re exciting, customer-focused ? and for the victors, translates into big money. As a result, investors are flocking to B2B-focused startups capable of disrupting the IT landscape, attracted by increasingly large IPOs and buyouts (Yammer, for example, which was recently acquired for over $1 billion by Microsoft, or Workday, with a current market cap of $8 billion).

However, despite the similarities, B2B-oriented startups have to contend with challenges that consumer-focused startups just don?t face. These include:


  • ??? Building products with the security, scalability and performance that businesses require.
  • ??? Facing high recruiting and retention costs for engineers and sales people.
  • ??? Convincing customers their products or services will enable them to save more while gaining a competitive edge.
  • ??? Re-assuring business customers that the startup will be around for the long haul.

Here are my three fundamental tips for startups, which are based on the lessons I have learned during my career.
Spend big on engineers

Long before a company can even dream of customers (and revenue), it has to spend ? and spend big. It needs to hire an army of highly expert developers who understand business needs and are proficient at building modern, B2B-hardened platforms and apps that meet stringent corporate demands. This level of skill and experience isn?t easy to find, and those who possess these know their worth.

Competition to hire these engineers capable of building scalable apps and platforms is especially fierce in the San Francisco Bay area, where startups go head-to-head against behemoths like Twitter, Google and Facebook. Because of that local competition, a number of? companies prefer to recruit from other technology centers such as Austin, Portland, Ore., and Boulder, Colo., which offer substantial talent pools of? talented engineers.

Personally, I prefer to recruit from my home country, the Czech Republic, which boasts a good combination of technical talent and business acumen.

And one more point: It?s been my experience that the best way to entice talented developers is with the promise of incredibly interesting projects in a successful company. After all, great engineers ? like great artists ? want their work to be seen.

Read More:

Source: http://rachid-sefrioui-venture-capital.blogspot.com/2012/11/heres-how-to-build-red-hot-business-to.html

machine gun kelly saul alinsky annapolis wwe royal rumble trisomy

The Twinkie Liquidation: Can A Recipe Be Protected Under Patent ...

On Thursday a federal bankruptcy court approved a liquidation plan for Hostess brands, the maker of Twinkies, Wonder Bread and many other well know bakery products many of us grew up with as children. But, is the recipe for the famous confection protected under US patent and copyright law?
Roald Dahl?s ?Charlie and the Chocolate Factory?, the well-known dark fantasy in which five children win a visit to a whimsical candy company, is really a story illustrating the legal issue of trade secrecy which applies to the current Twinkie liquidation. As Fordam University law professor and intellectual property law expert, Jeanne C. Fromer, explains in her essay ?Trade Secrets In Willy Wonka?s Chocolate Factory?, the fictional Wonka?s obsession with secrecy when it comes to candy making isn?t far from reality.
Companies often go to extraordinary lengths to protect their recipes and closely guarded trade secrets. Manufacturers often treat their recipes more like state secrets requiring employees to enter into non-disclosure agreements, storing their recipes in safety deposit boxes or vaults and even restricting the number of executives with access to recipes or ingredient lists for well-known products.
After John S. Pemberton invented Coca-Cola in 1886, the formula was kept a close secret which was only shared with a small group and never written down. When Ernest Woodruff and a group of investors purchased the Company in 1919, to finance the purchase Woodruff arranged a loan and as collateral provided documentation of the formula after arranging for it to be reduced to writing for the first time. The secret formula was then placed in a vault in the Guaranty Bank in New York until the loan was repaid in 1925. At that point, the secret formula was returned to Atlanta and placed in the Trust Company Bank where it remained until recently. For many years, Mars Incorporated, the famous confectionary company that makes M&Ms, refused to reveal its president?s name, built its own machines and was even known to blindfold visiting repairmen. It?s equally famous competitor, Hershey refused to provide its employees with the proportions of ingredients in the company?s chocolate bars.
In theory recipes are patentable but often-times inventors choose not to seek legal protection because applying for patent approval with the US Patent and Trademark Office would require them to disclose proprietary methods and processes. ?Basic? recipes are ?fair game? because the basics aren?t likely to vary much. An idea must be novel and non-obvious to deserve legal protection ? sometimes a difficult standard to meet, because most recipes are combinations of widely available ingredients. Recipes are most likely to win patent protection only if they involve some novel manufacturing process or method. Several inventors, for example, have obtained patents for variations on the peanut-butter-and-jelly sandwich by rearranging the ingredients to extend shelf life. However, how many recipes are truly original? Did pasta originate in Italy or China?
Recipes may be copyrighted, which prevents others from copying and selling the instructions on how to make a product like a Twinkie or Ho-Ho, but copyright law does not protect the food itself from commercial exploitation by copycats. In other words, while not allowed to sell copies of the current Toll House chocolate chip cookie recipe which belongs to the Nestle company, we?re all free to make and even sell chocolate chip cookies although copyright protection may extend to ?substantial literary expression?a description, explanation, or illustration? that goes along with the recipe. But can recipes be considered a form of literary craftsmanship?
Food products, even the name of a recipe, may also be trademarked. Trademarks exist to identify the source of goods or services, and provide legal protection for products so long as the mark is used for commercial activity. Trademarks also include trade dress, like the shape of a bottle of maple syrup or a unique cosmetic packaging design.
An examination of the need for secrecy in this commercial sphere raises fundamental questions about the role of legal protection against the misappropriation of secrets when actual secrecy seems to be paramount and about the relationship between trade secrecy and patent and copyright law. In the end, when the rights to historic brands like Twinkies, Wonder Bread and Ho-Hos are sold at auction to the highest bidder, who will own the exclusive right to use the recipes for those products may well not be as clear as one might presume.

Source: http://www.kliemanlyons.com/2012/12/the-twinkie-liquidation-can-a-recipe-be-protected-under-patent-and-copyright-law/

Johnny Pesky spice girls justin theroux Bumbo recall USA Basketball

Thousands touched by photograph of New York cop helping shoeless man

NEW YORK (Reuters) - A photograph of a New York City police officer crouching by a shoeless panhandler to give him a new pair of boots on a cold night in Times Square has drawn a deluge of praise after it was published on the police department's Facebook page this week.

By Thursday afternoon, nearly 394,000 people had clicked a button on the department's Facebook page to indicate that they "liked" the photograph. Tens of thousands left comments, most praising Officer Lawrence DePrimo for his charitable deed.

The photograph was snapped by Jennifer Foster, an employee of the Pinal County Sheriff's Office in Florence, Arizona, during a trip to New York this month, according to police.

She took the picture shortly after she noticed the man asking passersby for money.

"Right when I was about to approach, one of your officers came up behind him," Foster wrote in an email to the New York Police Department accompanying the snapshot, according to the picture caption on the department's Facebook page. She said she was some distance away, and the officer did not know he was being photographed.

"The officer said, ?I have these size 12 boots for you, they are all-weather. Let's put them on and take care of you.' The officer squatted down on the ground and proceeded to put socks and the new boots on this man."

DePrimo and Foster could not be reached for comment on Thursday, and the police department did not respond to queries about the photograph.

DePrimo, 25, joined the force in 2010 and lives with his parents on Long Island, according to The New York Times. He paid $75 for the boots from a nearby Skechers store after an employee there gave him a 25 percent discount upon learning they were to be donated to a man in need.

"I wish more cops were like this guy," one person wrote on the department's Facebook page. Others suggested there were plenty of good-hearted police officers about, even if their good deeds were not photographed or touted on Facebook.

(Editing by Paul Thomasch and Stacey Joyce)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/thousands-touched-photograph-york-cop-helping-shoeless-man-164442688.html

downton abbey new york knicks president day lin j.r. smith espn jeremy lin sleigh bells

mesothelioma mancini: Web Cam Modeling - samuelfolkes.com ...

Image of Web Cam ModelingAs a webcam model, offering a customer service. And before the process, you must be well aware of the brand of your computer model, operating system, more camera models from Logitech. In general, there are two types, models webcam webcam amateur and professional models. You as a webcam model solo or couple webcam modeling must be willing to work overtime if you want to be successful in business and earn more. You might even consider having a professional photo taken, because it can give you a huge competitive advantage with webcam models. Here's how to get started on your way to earn a six figure income as a webcam model.
Contrary to what you may have heard, you do not need to look like a model air brushed to earn dollars superiors as a webcam model. Step 3: Set Your Price Choose a site webcam that allows your game your own cost per minute. To become a webcam model, in general, you will need to have reached the legal age for the country you're living it, you will be asked to present some kind of proof of age in the context of the USC Webcam Modeling is one of the highest paying jobs online is becoming increasingly popular as the Internet continues to grow. If you are not making as much money as you want, you have some things that you can try so you will be able to earn more on your webcam jobs. Once you've been hired by a modeling company and internet after obtaining essential as a webcam and broadband Internet access, you will need to learn how to become a top performer.
If you can meet the needs of your customers, you can be sure that you will look for the next time he is online. This will ensure that you work and manage your own online business from home legally. Professional webcam models are not for everyone, it is a very competitive field, but if you have what it takes then it is one of the safest and easiest way to make money online , not to mention the flexibility of the job. Tip # 1 ? Boost your online profile Many people who are looking for a couple of modeling or just a webcam model webcam chat online course will start looking at profiles online webcam models to see which one you. If you're like me, you've read about many ways to make money online with a website or a blog. Internet and Businesses Online: Audio-Streaming
If you are a stay at home mom looking for a way to earn money without having to leave the house, then becoming a webcam model may be the good job for you. If you work as a model of webcam you can make lots of money as long as you know what you are doing. This is how you build a fan club rehearsal paying members so that you spend more time online to earn money in private show. Give them a reason to stay in your room and you pay tons of money. Obviously, the more hours you work, the more money you will make. It is by no means mandatory and you can always make money register for freebie sites or other methods mentioned above.
Sometimes, your visitor will even pay for private chat just to spend time with you alone. You will also want to make sure you put in enough time to start seeing a difference. Invest time in the development of quality, well placed lighting so that you look your best on camera. Manually get the right driver Logitech Web Camera is a difficult chore and time consuming. A broadcast network that has the greatest number does not always mean that you will make more money by working with them, this type of network usually have over 1000 models online at any time if you have to compete with them while you post. Webcam modeling is a scam free, safe and profitable to make hundreds, even thousands of dollars each week working in your free time in a relatively comfortable.
Assessments bought their house a little work for us and pay for everything they want cash only! In the current labor market difficult, there are no other jobs you can do at home that will earn you as much money and allow you the greatest flexibility webcam fun. Tip # 2 ? Consider your appearance as a webcam model you can work from home, but consider the nature of your business. Studio work is an alternative, and it brings the benefits of diffusion in high quality videos which a typical set up simply can not compete. Being a webcam model is one of the few jobs where you can make great money from the comfort of your own home while having fun. With a little motivation, hard work and commitment to put in the time required, you can be making $ 500 per week (sometimes more) as a webcam model new working 20-25 hours per week Home.

Source: http://www.samuelfolkes.com/web-cam-modeling/

paula abdul cinnamon challenge lou dobbs rock salt david letterman march of dimes james randi

Source: http://mesothelioma-mancini.blogspot.com/2012/11/web-cam-modeling-samuelfolkescom.html

time 100 bob beckel anna paquin warren buffett 2012 nfl schedule dishonored april 18

Source: http://foleymarvin.typepad.com/blog/2012/11/mesothelioma-mancini-web-cam-modeling-samuelfolkescom.html

sandra fluke kellie pickler costa rica kevin hart living social

Source: http://cortezsherwood282.typepad.com/blog/2012/11/mesothelioma-mancini-web-cam-modeling-samuelfolkescom.html

samoyed kenny powers kenny powers carl hagelin triple play

Using iPhone Photo and Video for Business - Small Business Trends

The iPhone is quickly becoming the ?go to? gadget for fans of photography and video and many are now using these features for business and marketing purposes. Enter Grant Wickes, a.k.a. ?Professor Gadget,? Vice President?of Business Development for Wasp Barcode Technologies and a Top?100 SMB Influencer. Grant has sourced many useful gadgets and turned his iPhone into a one man media studio for conducting on-the-go interviews. ?Tune in as he joins Brent Leary to share some of these special finds so that you, too, can make the best use of the iPhone for business.

* * * * *

iphone photo and video for businessSmall Business Trends: Can you tell us a little bit about yourself and your background?

Grant Wickes: I?ve been steeped in the technology world for 25, almost 30 years. ?It has always been on the marketing and sales side of things with software companies.

Small Business Trends: What compelled you to get into ?interview mode? at conferences? ?To find all of these cools tools to turn your iPhone into a full blown production kit?

Grant Wickes: I don?t come from T.V. ?I don?t come from radio. ?I am not a big expert on these things. ?But I have a passion to interact with folks. ?As you said, going around to the various conferences.

I like to take photographs. I have all of the high end equipment, a big Cannon Digital SLR, with all the big lenses, which is fantastic. But I don?t want to bring all of that stuff with me on the road. Then the iPhone came out and it really became an interesting platform.

I collapsed it down and found the iPhone really became the platform for me to be able to do photography. I got into it, this thing is a fantastic video machine. ?So I did not have to bother with the camcorder any more.

Small Business Trends: ?Can you talk about how you make them look good and sound great using the iPhone?

Grant Wickes: Sound is something people will not tolerate if there?s crackling. The iPhone has a built in microphone, but honestly, it?s just a cheap little mic inside the phone.

With a little research, now you can get adaptable microphones. ?There is one by Belkin that?s called an iPhone Boom Mic that plugs right into your ear piece for the iPhone and sticks out about 4 or 5 inches and I can go around talking to people.

The second approach is the little lavalier mic that all the T.V. guys put on their collar. There is an adaptable unit from Audio Technica for $20. I can get a lavalier mic with a 20 foot cord, with another little $20 adapter that converts into the iPhone plug in. Now I have studio quality sound for an interview.

The other one, the Boom Mike, was around $40.

Small Business Trends: How do you get great lighting from a picture you take from your iPhone?

Grant Wickes: If you are out at an event or in a spot, you look for natural light. It is always the best approach. If I can get an outdoor setting where the sun is in the back, or if I can get an indoor sitting area that has a glass enclosure where outside light is coming in, that is always superb to do that.

But let?s face it, we don?t always have that luxury. For $30 for both, I have bought a couple of different LED lights. These things are small little white lights I turn on.

I have a bracket I can fit on the iPhone so that the light now shoots off to the side. It hangs out to the right side of the iPhone. ?Because one of the things you try to avoid with light is having it directly in someone?s face.

An iPhone with this little case for $23, with a $13 extension heading out there, with a $30 LED light, and $30 microphone, and I?ve got gadgets on the go. ?I have studio quality on a shoe string budget.

I have these little gadgets in my bag. I can immediately have a quick conversation, it leads to an interesting discussion. Within less than five minutes, I am up and running. In less than ten minutes, you and I have finished the conversation. I have content that I can put up and share with my customers, or clients, or business prospects.

Small Business Trends: Did you see any difference, in terms of views or clicks, in the way people perceived the content?

Grant Wickes: There is no doubt. The good old days where you can have your flip cam and all of that noise in the background ? that?s really not acceptable anymore. So I do see it. I see it through Google Analytics the continued use and sharing of these video snippets that I take.

Small Business Trends: Where can people see these tips that you have talked about?

Grant Wickes: I am putting up a robust set on my Pinterest.

Small Business Trends: Where can people find some of these tools and these little gadgets?

Grant Wickes: There are two primary places I go for my gadgets. One is called Photojojo. ?They are a fantastic little gadgets spot for iPhones. ?Another is B&H Photo Video. It?s based in New York and is a store for photography. ?They have all of these little gadgets I?ve picked up.

I didn?t even talk to you about the 8x zoom lens I got from Photojojo to do shots. So we have to talk again Brent. There?s too much stuff to share with everyone in a short amount of time.

Small Business Trends: Since you mentioned that, what is that called?

Grant Wickes: That one is iPhone Lens by Photojojo. It is an 8x lens. ?Now they have one for the iPhone 5 that takes you 12x. So it is like having a 600mm lens on your iPhone. It is $35. It?s just fantastic!

Grant Wickes ? Professor Gadget by smallbiztrends


About Brent Leary

Brent Leary Brent Leary is a Partner at CRM Essentials and organizer of the upcoming Social Business Atlanta conference taking place on February 3rd, 2012. Brent serves on the advisory board of The University of Toronto CRM Center of Excellence, writes the Social CRM column for Inc.com's technology site, and blogs at BrentLeary.com.

?

Source: http://smallbiztrends.com/2012/11/using-iphone-photo-and-video-for-business-grant-wickes.html

million hoodie march tebow trade mike the situation jacksonville jaguars jacksonville jaguars benjarvus green ellis shaka smart

ScienceDaily: Gene News

http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/health_medicine/genes/ Genes and Genetics News. Read today's medical research in genetics including what can damage genes, what can protect them, and more.en-usThu, 29 Nov 2012 15:31:38 ESTThu, 29 Nov 2012 15:31:38 EST60
Media_httpwwwscienced_cjriu
http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/health_medicine/genes/ For more science articles, visit ScienceDaily.http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121129152029.htm New insights into a protein complex that regulates the very tips of chromosomes could improve methods of screening anti-cancer drugs. Researchers determined the binding mechanism of proteins that protect and regulate telomeres, segments of repeating DNA units that cap the ends of chromosomes and a key target of cancer researchers.Thu, 29 Nov 2012 15:20:20 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121129152029.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121129130500.htm To survey previously uncharted territory, a team of researchers have created an "atlas" that maps more than 1,500 unique landmarks within mitochondria that could provide clues to the metabolic connections between caloric restriction and aging.Thu, 29 Nov 2012 13:05:05 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121129130500.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121129130406.htm A combination of sequencing and mouse models were used to identify the gene responsible for a brain developmental disorder seen in four patients. The study also shows that the biology uncovered in the mouse model helps to understand the symptoms in patients.Thu, 29 Nov 2012 13:04:04 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121129130406.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121129103543.htm Breakthrough drugs help people to live longer with HIV, but more research is needed for an actual cure. One challenge involves eradicating the virus when it is latent in the body. New research suggests the cancer drug, JQ1, may be useful in purging latent HIV infection by activating the virus in the presence of potent therapy -- essentially a dead end for the virus.Thu, 29 Nov 2012 10:35:35 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121129103543.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121129093951.htm A study of the age of more than 1 million single-letter variations in the human DNA code reveals that most of these mutations are of recent origin, evolutionarily speaking. They arose as a result of explosive population growth, which provides more chances for new mutations to appear in offspring. Many of these mutations are harmful, some have no effect, and others are beneficial now or may provide an adaptive advantage for future generations.Thu, 29 Nov 2012 09:39:39 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121129093951.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121129093949.htm By following certain rules, scientists can prepare architectural plans for building ideal protein molecules not found in the real world. Based on computer renditions, previously non-existent proteins can be produced from scratch in the lab. In our imperfect world, proteins can be beset by bulges, kinks, strains, and improperly buried parts, and many diseases arise from protein malformations. The researchers achieved a library of several ideal structures. The principles could aid in designing drugs, vaccines, industrial enzymes, fuels, and pollutant removers.Thu, 29 Nov 2012 09:39:39 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121129093949.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121129093132.htm A new experimental study carried out in mice shows that microglia, immune cells of the brain, might play a key role in protecting the brain from Alzheimer?s disease (AD). It is long believed that toxic sticky protein deposits in the brain called amyloid beta (Aβ) are responsible for loss of memory in AD patients. Earlier studies have shown that microglia can remove Aβ protein from the brain and therefore be vital for successful therapy. New research indicates that microglia may play a significant role irrespective of their capacity to remove brain Aβ deposits.Thu, 29 Nov 2012 09:31:31 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121129093132.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121128182739.htm A simple formula can predict at birth a baby?s likelihood of becoming obese in childhood, according to a new study.Wed, 28 Nov 2012 18:27:27 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121128182739.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121128182719.htm Phase I trial shows third-generation drug helps patients after other treatments fail.Wed, 28 Nov 2012 18:27:27 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121128182719.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121128143549.htm A small molecule known to regulate white blood cells has a surprising second role in protecting brain cells from the deleterious effects of stroke, researchers report. The molecule, microRNA-223, affects how cells respond to the temporary loss of blood supply brought on by stroke -- and thus the cells' likelihood of suffering permanent damage.Wed, 28 Nov 2012 14:35:35 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121128143549.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121128142651.htm Scientists have combined the ability to detect cancer DNA in the blood with genome sequencing technology in a test that could be used to screen for cancers, monitor cancer patients for recurrence and find residual cancer left after surgery.Wed, 28 Nov 2012 14:26:26 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121128142651.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121128132355.htm Researchers have demonstrated how a genetic variant associated with type 1 diabetes and other autoimmune diseases influences susceptibility to autoimmunity.Wed, 28 Nov 2012 13:23:23 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121128132355.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121128132259.htm Nearly three-quarters of mutations in genes that code for proteins -- the workhorses of the cell -- occurred within the past 5,000 to 10,000 years, fairly recently in evolutionary terms, said genomic and genetic experts.Wed, 28 Nov 2012 13:22:22 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121128132259.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121128122041.htm Scientists have uncovered a group of what have been considered relatively minor regulators in the body that band together to suppress the spread of cancer from its primary site.Wed, 28 Nov 2012 12:20:20 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121128122041.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121128122035.htm Reduced production of myelin, a type of protective nerve fiber that is lost in diseases like multiple sclerosis, may also play a role in the development of mental illness, according to new research.Wed, 28 Nov 2012 12:20:20 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121128122035.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121128121505.htm Chemotherapy and a new, targeted therapy work better in combination than chemotherapy alone in treating patients with the most common genetic subtype of lung cancer, new research suggests.Wed, 28 Nov 2012 12:15:15 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121128121505.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121128093919.htm Changes in how genes in the immune system function may result in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of visual impairment in older adults. The findings are epigenetic in nature, meaning that the underlying DNA is normal but gene expression has been modified, likely by environmental factors, in an adverse way. Environmental factors associated with AMD include smoking, diet, and aging. This is the first epigenetic study revealing the molecular mechanisms for any eye disease.Wed, 28 Nov 2012 09:39:39 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121128093919.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121128093810.htm In a new study of the largest number of flame retardants ever tested in homes, researchers found that most houses had levels of at least one flame retardant that exceeded a federal health guideline.Wed, 28 Nov 2012 09:38:38 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121128093810.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121127190021.htm A new study produced new mathematical support for a theory that explains why men in some cultures often feed and care for their sisters? children: where extramarital sex is common and accepted, a man?s genes are more likely to be passed on by their sister?s kids than by their wife?s kids.Tue, 27 Nov 2012 19:00:00 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121127190021.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121127130256.htm Some infants are more susceptible to potentially life-threatening breathing problems after birth, and rare, inherited DNA differences may explain why, according to new research.Tue, 27 Nov 2012 13:02:02 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121127130256.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121127101534.htm Scientists have broadened our understanding of how cells regulate silencing of the X chromosome in a process known as X-inactivation.Tue, 27 Nov 2012 10:15:15 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121127101534.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121127094311.htm Researchers have discovered an alternative mechanism for activating rhe oncogene Ras that does not require mutation or hormonal stimulus.Tue, 27 Nov 2012 09:43:43 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121127094311.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121127094248.htm Scientists have discovered that injecting a novel human protein into muscle affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy significantly increases its size and strength, findings that could lead to a therapy akin to the use of insulin by diabetics.Tue, 27 Nov 2012 09:42:42 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121127094248.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121127093951.htm Researchers have identified and ?switched off? a chemical chain that causes neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington?s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and dementia. The findings could one day be of particular therapeutic benefit to Huntington?s disease patients.Tue, 27 Nov 2012 09:39:39 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121127093951.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121127093855.htm New research showing a more than four-fold increase in the incidence of breast cancer in women with neurofibromatosis-1 (NF1) adds to growing evidence that women with this rare genetic disorder may benefit from early breast cancer screening with mammograms beginning at age 40, and manual breast exams as early as adolescence.Tue, 27 Nov 2012 09:38:38 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121127093855.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121126164003.htm PKM2 slips into nucleus to promote cancer; potential biomarker and drug approach discovered.Mon, 26 Nov 2012 16:40:40 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121126164003.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121126142855.htm Discovery of a new drug with high potential to treat Ewing sarcoma, an often deadly cancer of children and young adults, and the previously unknown mechanism behind it, come hand-in-hand in a new study.Mon, 26 Nov 2012 14:28:28 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121126142855.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121126131349.htm A newly discovered gene that is essential for embryo survival could also hold the key to treating and potentially controlling chronic infections such as HIV, hepatitis and tuberculosis. The gene, called Arih2, is fundamental to the function of the immune system -- making critical decisions about whether to switch on the immune response to an infection.Mon, 26 Nov 2012 13:13:13 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121126131349.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121126110737.htm Two years ago, a 71-year-old Indiana man impaled his hand on a branch after cutting down a dead tree. The wound caused an infection that led scientists to discover a new bacterium and solve a mystery about how bacteria came to live inside insects.Mon, 26 Nov 2012 11:07:07 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121126110737.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121125192838.htm Over a decade after sequencing the human genome, it has now become clear that the genome is not mostly ?junk? as previously thought. In fact, the ENCODE project consortium of dozens of labs and petabytes of data have determined that these ?noncoding? regions house everything from disease trait loci to important regulatory signals, all the way through to new types of RNA-based genes.Sun, 25 Nov 2012 19:28:28 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121125192838.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121124090511.htm Researchers have uncovered a protein ?partner? commonly used by breast cancer cells to unlock genes needed for spreading the disease around the body. A report on the discovery details how some tumors get the tools they need to metastasize.Sat, 24 Nov 2012 09:05:05 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121124090511.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121123092132.htm The genome encodes the complete information needed by an organism, including that required for protein production. Viruses, which are up to a thousand times smaller than human cells, have considerably smaller genomes. Using a type of herpesvirus as a model system scientists have shown that the genome of this virus contains much more information than previously assumed. The researchers identified several hundred novel proteins, many of which were surprisingly small.Fri, 23 Nov 2012 09:21:21 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121123092132.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121122152928.htm Scientists have made a major advance in understanding how flu viruses replicate within infected cells. The researchers used cutting-edge molecular biology and electron-microscopy techniques to ?see? one of influenza?s essential protein complexes in unprecedented detail. The images generated in the study show flu virus proteins in the act of self-replication, highlighting the virus?s vulnerabilities that are sure to be of interest to drug developers.Thu, 22 Nov 2012 15:29:29 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121122152928.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121122152910.htm Fifty years after scientists first posed a question about protein folding, the search for answers has led to the creation of a full-fledged field of research that led to major advances in supercomputers, new materials and drug discovery, and shaped our understanding of the basic processes of life, including so-called "protein-folding diseases" such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and type II diabetes.Thu, 22 Nov 2012 15:29:29 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121122152910.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121121145638.htm Researchers recently uncovered a nerve cell's internal clock, used during embryonic development. This breakthrough could lead to the development of new tools to repair and regenerate nerve cells following injuries to the central nervous system.Wed, 21 Nov 2012 14:56:56 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121121145638.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121121145621.htm Using a new technique called cryo-electron tomography, scientists have created a three-dimensional map that gives a better understanding of how the architecture of the rod sensory cilium (part of one type of photoreceptor in the eye) is changed by genetic mutation and how that affects its ability to transport proteins as part of the light-sensing process.Wed, 21 Nov 2012 14:56:56 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121121145621.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121121130933.htm Researchers have resolved the structure of that allows a telomere-related protein, Cdc13, to form dimers in yeast. Mutations in this region of Cdc13 put the kibosh on the ability of telomerase and other proteins to maintain telomeres.Wed, 21 Nov 2012 13:09:09 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121121130933.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121121130811.htm Cancer therapies often have short-lived benefits due to the emergence of genetic mutations that cause drug resistance. A key gene that determines resistance to a range of cancer drugs has been reported in a new study. The study reveals a biomarker that can predict responses to cancer drugs and offers a strategy to treat drug-resistant tumors based on their genetic signature.Wed, 21 Nov 2012 13:08:08 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121121130811.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121121130703.htm Two recent studies delve into the role of chromatin modifying enzymes and transcription factors in tumour cells. In one, it was found that the PARP1 enzyme activated by kinase CDK2 is necessary to induce the genes responsible for the proliferation of breast cancer cells in response to progesterone. In another, extensive work has been undertaken to identify those genes activated by the administration of progesterone in breast cancer, the sequences that can be recognized and how these genes are induced.Wed, 21 Nov 2012 13:07:07 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121121130703.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121121130643.htm Previously discarded, human-specific ?junk? DNA represents untapped resource in the study of diseases like Alzheimer?s and autism.Wed, 21 Nov 2012 13:06:06 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121121130643.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121121130633.htm In a new study, researchers describe markers and a model that quantify how aging occurs at the level of genes and molecules, providing not just a more precise way to determine how old someone is, but also perhaps anticipate or treat ailments and diseases that come with the passage of time.Wed, 21 Nov 2012 13:06:06 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121121130633.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121121104552.htm New research has found there are several different ways that kidney tumors can achieve the same result -- namely, grow.Wed, 21 Nov 2012 10:45:45 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121121104552.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121121104416.htm Clumped proteins can be dissolved with the aid of cellular repair systems -- a process of critical importance for cell survival especially under conditions of stress. Researchers have now decrypted the fundamental mechanism for dissolving protein aggregates that involves specific molecular chaperones.Wed, 21 Nov 2012 10:44:44 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121121104416.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121121104401.htm New understanding of molecular changes that convert harmless cells surrounding ovarian cancer cells into cells that promote tumor growth and metastasis provides potential new therapeutic targets for this deadly disease, according to new research.Wed, 21 Nov 2012 10:44:44 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121121104401.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121120194932.htm A new rapid test for tuberculosis (TB) could substantially and cost-effectively reduce TB deaths and improve treatment in southern Africa -- a region where both HIV and tuberculosis are common.Tue, 20 Nov 2012 19:49:49 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121120194932.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121120194926.htm A new study has identified hundreds of small regions of the genome that appear to be uniquely regulated in human neurons. These regulatory differences distinguish us from other primates, including monkeys and apes, and as neurons are at the core of our unique cognitive abilities, these features may ultimately hold the key to our intellectual prowess (and also to our potential vulnerability to a wide range of 'human-specific' diseases from autism to Alzheimer's).Tue, 20 Nov 2012 19:49:49 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121120194926.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121120132906.htm Rather than target RNA viruses directly, aiming at the host cells they invade could hold promise, but any such strategy would have to be harmless to the host. Now, a surprising discovery made in ribosomes may point the way to fighting fatal viral infections such as rabies.Tue, 20 Nov 2012 13:29:29 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121120132906.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121120121835.htm Microbiologists studying bacterial colonization in mice have discovered how the very rapid and efficient spread of antibiotic resistance works in the respiratory pathogen, Streptococcus pneumoniae (also known as the pneumococcus). The team found that resistance stems from the transfer of DNA between bacterial strains in biofilms in the nasopharynx, the area just behind the nose.Tue, 20 Nov 2012 12:18:18 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121120121835.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121120100155.htm Scientists have discovered another molecule that plays an important role in regulating myelin formation in the central nervous system. Myelin promotes the conduction of nerve cell impulses by forming a sheath around their projections, the so-called axons, at specific locations -- acting like the plastic insulation around a power cord.Tue, 20 Nov 2012 10:01:01 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121120100155.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121120084725.htm Researchers have discovered new genetic evidence about why some people are happier than others. The scientists have uncovered evidence that the gene FTO -- the major genetic contributor to obesity -- is associated with an eight per cent reduction in the risk of depression. In other words, it's not just an obesity gene but a "happy gene" as well.Tue, 20 Nov 2012 08:47:47 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121120084725.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121119213144.htm Researchers have found that biological age and life expectancy can be predicted by measuring an individual's DNA. They studied the length of chromosome caps -- known as telomeres -- in a 320-strong wild population of Seychelles Warblers on a small isolated island.Mon, 19 Nov 2012 21:31:31 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121119213144.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121119171403.htm Certain mutated cells keep trying to replicate their DNA -- with disastrous results -- even after medications rob them of the raw materials to do so, according to new research.Mon, 19 Nov 2012 17:14:14 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121119171403.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121119163301.htm DNA sequences obtained from a handful of patients with multiple sclerosis have revealed the existence of an ?immune exchange? that allows the disease-causing cells to move in and out of the brain.Mon, 19 Nov 2012 16:33:33 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121119163301.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121119132056.htm Changes in how DNA interacts with histones ?- the proteins that package DNA ?- regulate many fundamental cell activities from stem cells maturing into a specific body cell type or blood cells becoming leukemic. These interactions are governed by a biochemical tug of war between repressors and activators, which chemically modify histones signaling them to clamp down tighter on DNA or move aside and allow a gene to be expressed.Mon, 19 Nov 2012 13:20:20 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121119132056.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121119114249.htm A new tool for neuroscientists delivers a thousand pinpricks of light to individual neurons in the brain. The new 3-D "light switch", created by biologists and engineers, could one day be used as a neural prosthesis that could treat conditions such as Parkinson's and epilepsy by using gene therapy to turn individual brain cells on and off with light.Mon, 19 Nov 2012 11:42:42 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121119114249.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121119104944.htm A large-scale international study has just discovered a gene for susceptibility to a rare disease providing evidence of the heterogeneous aetiology of Alzheimer's disease.Mon, 19 Nov 2012 10:49:49 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121119104944.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121119093848.htm The cerebral cortex is the most complex structure in our brain and the seat of consciousness, emotion, motor control and language. In order to fulfill these functions, it is composed of a diverse array of nerve cells, called cortical neurons, which are affected by many neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. Researchers have opened new perspectives on brain development and stem cell neurobiology by discovering a gene called BCL6 as a key factor in the generation of cortical neurons during embryonic brain development.Mon, 19 Nov 2012 09:38:38 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121119093848.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121118141530.htm Scientists have demonstrated that induced pluripotent stem cells -- the embryonic-stem-cell look-alikes whose discovery a few years ago won this year's Nobel Prize in medicine -- are not as genetically unstable as was thought.Sun, 18 Nov 2012 14:15:15 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121118141530.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121118141524.htm The prevailing wisdom has been that every cell in the body contains identical DNA. However, a new study of stem cells derived from the skin has found that genetic variations are widespread in the body's tissues, a finding with profound implications for genetic screening.Sun, 18 Nov 2012 14:15:15 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121118141524.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121118141432.htm Geneticists, pediatricians, surgeons and epidemiologists have identified two areas of the human genome associated with the most common form of non-syndromic craniosynostosis premature closure of the bony plates of the skull.Sun, 18 Nov 2012 14:14:14 ESThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121118141432.htm

Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/rss/health_medicine/genes.xml

bolton muamba crystal cathedral sxsw st. patrick s day brandon lloyd